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India, with its vast geographical expanse, experiences a wide variety of weather patterns. From the snowy peaks of the Himalayas to the tropical beaches of the south, the climate varies dramatically from one state to another. This diversity is influenced by topography, latitude, altitude, and proximity to water bodies. Here’s a look at how weather differs state by state across India.

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1. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

• Climate Type: Alpine and Sub-Arctic
• Weather Highlights: Harsh winters with snowfall; pleasant summers in Kashmir; Ladakh is cold and dry with temperatures dipping below -20°C in winters.

2. Himachal Pradesh

• Climate Type: Mountain climate
• Weather Highlights: Snow in higher altitudes (like Manali and Shimla); moderate summers; cold winters.

3. Punjab and Haryana

• Climate Type: Sub-tropical continental
• Weather Highlights: Hot summers (above 40°C), cold winters (down to 5°C), monsoon rains from July to September.

4. Rajasthan

• Climate Type: Desert (arid)
• Weather Highlights: Extremely hot summers (up to 48°C), cool winters in the west, with Jaipur experiencing semi-arid conditions.

5. Uttar Pradesh

• Climate Type: Tropical monsoon
• Weather Highlights: Hot summers, humid monsoons, and foggy winters; temperature range from 5°C to 45°C.

6. Uttarakhand

• Climate Type: Mountain and subtropical
• Weather Highlights: Snow in high altitudes, pleasant summers in hill stations, cold winters, heavy rainfall during monsoon.

7. Bihar and Jharkhand

• Climate Type: Tropical with seasonal variations
• Weather Highlights: Hot and humid summers, heavy monsoon, mild to cold winters (especially in Jharkhand’s plateau regions).

8. West Bengal

• Climate Type: Tropical wet and dry
• Weather Highlights: Humid and hot in plains (Kolkata), moderate winters, heavy monsoon especially in the north.

9. Odisha

• Climate Type: Tropical savanna
• Weather Highlights: High humidity, coastal storms and cyclones, heavy monsoon rains, hot summers.

10. Chhattisgarh

• Climate Type: Tropical wet and dry
• Weather Highlights: Scorching summers, good monsoon rains, relatively cooler winters.

11. Madhya Pradesh

• Climate Type: Tropical
• Weather Highlights: Very hot summers, a well-marked monsoon, and mild winters; central location leads to continental climate effects.

12. Gujarat

• Climate Type: Semi-arid to arid
• Weather Highlights: Hot and dry summers, moderate winters, low rainfall in the north-west; coastal areas more humid.

13. Maharashtra

• Climate Type: Tropical monsoon
• Weather Highlights: Coastal Maharashtra (Mumbai) is humid and rainy, interiors (Vidarbha) are hotter and drier with strong summer heat.

14. Goa

• Climate Type: Tropical monsoon
• Weather Highlights: Hot and humid throughout the year, heavy rains in monsoon, mild winters.

15. Karnataka

• Climate Type: Tropical monsoon and semi-arid (north)
• Weather Highlights: Coastal areas get heavy rainfall, interior regions (like Bangalore) have moderate and pleasant weather year-round.

16. Kerala

• Climate Type: Tropical rainforest
• Weather Highlights: Heavy monsoon rains, high humidity, little seasonal variation in temperature.

17. Tamil Nadu

• Climate Type: Tropical dry and wet
• Weather Highlights: Less rainfall from southwest monsoon, more from northeast monsoon (October-November), hot summers, warm winters.

18. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

• Climate Type: Tropical
• Weather Highlights: Hot summers, moderate monsoon, some areas (Rayalaseema) are drier.

19. North-East States (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Sikkim)

• Climate Type: Humid subtropical and mountain
• Weather Highlights:
  • Assam & Meghalaya: Heavy rains (Cherrapunji among wettest places), humid summers.
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Cold in higher altitudes, heavy snowfall in winters.
  • Sikkim: Snow in the north, monsoon rains, and cool summers.
  • Others: Generally moderate temperatures with high rainfall.